Sejarah EXO
Exo (Korean: 엑소; stylized as EXO) is a South Korean-Chinese boy group based in Seoul. Formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2011, the group debuted in 2012 with twelve members separated into two subgroups, Exo-K (Suho, Baekhyun, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai, and Sehun) and Exo-M (Xiumin, Lay, Chen and former members Kris, Luhan and Tao [fn 2] ), performing music in Korean and Mandarin respectively. Exo's first album XOXO (2013), which contained the breakthrough hit "Growl", was a critical and commercial success, winning both Disk Daesang at the 28th Golden Disk Awards and Album of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards. It sold over one million copies, making Exo the best-selling Korean artist in twelve years.[1] Subsequent albums and EPs continued with strong sales, and Exo were ranked the most influential celebrity by Forbes Korea Power Celebrity for the years 2014[2] and 2015.[3] They have been named "the biggest boyband in the world" by media outlets.[4]
History
2011: Formation
In May 2011, at a Hallyu business seminar held at Stanford University, Lee Soo-man spoke about a strategy of debuting a new boyband, in which they would be divided into 2 subgroups, promoting the same music simultaneously in South Korea and China by performing songs in both Korean and Mandarin.[5] After several member changes,[6] in December 2011, the group finalized their name to Exo, taken from the word exoplanet. They are divided into two subgroups, Exo-K ('K' for Korean) for South Korea and Exo-M ('M' for Mandarin) for China. They debuted their first televised performance at SBS's annual Gayo Daejun event on December 29, 2011.[7]2012: Debut and Mama
Exo-K and Exo-M's prologue single "What Is Love" was released on January 30, 2012, in mainland China and South Korea.[8] The single peaked at number 88 on South Korea's Gaon Single Chart. On March 9, the group released their second prologue single "History",[9] which was written and produced by Thomas Troelsen and Remee. The single peaked at number 68 on the Gaon Single Chart and number six on China's Sina Music Chart.[10]
A concert for the group was held in Seoul's Olympic Stadium on March 31.[11] Approximately 3,000 fans from 8,000 applicants were selected to attend.[12] A second concert was held in the Great Hall of the Beijing University of International Business and Economics on April 1.[13]
Exo-K and Exo-M released their debut single, "Mama", on April 8[14] followed by an EP Mama, on April 9. The two sub-groups would be promoting the album separately in two countries. On April 8, Exo-K performed on South Korea's music program The Music Trend, while Exo-M made their debut in China's Top Chinese Music Awards on the same day.[15] The mandarin version of Mama reached number two on China's Sina Album Chart, while the Korean album peaked at number one on the Gaon Album Chart[16] and number eight on the Billboard World Albums Chart.[17] The mandarin version of "Mama" music video reached number one on Chinese streaming websites, while the Korean version reached number seven on YouTube's Global Chart.[18] In late April, Exo-M performed as a guest act for Super Junior's Super Show 4 concert tour in Jakarta, Indonesia.
In November, Exo won Best New Asian Artist Group at the 2012 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Exo-K received three nominations at the 27th Golden Disk Awards, winning the Newcomer Award. Exo-M received the Most Popular Group Award at the 2013 Top Chinese Music Awards.[19]
2013: XOXO, commercial success, and Miracles in December
A repackaged version of XOXO, titled Growl, was released on August 5, 2013 with three additional tracks. The reissue's lead single, "Growl", was released on August 1, 2013.[24] "Growl" peaked at number three on Billboard's Korea K-Pop Hot 100[25] and number two on the Gaon's Singles chart. As of December 2013, all versions of XOXO have collectively sold over one million copies, making Exo the first Korean artist to sell over a million copies of one album in twelve years and breaking the record for being the fastest-selling K-pop act.[26] XOXO was named Album of the Year at the 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards.[27] XOXO is the best selling album in South Korea of 2013, winning the Disk Daesang Award at various award ceremonies like the Golden Disc Awards.[28]
Exo ended 2013 with six albums in the Gaon's Yearly Top 10 Best-Selling Albums, including all their 2013 album releases in both the Korean and Chinese version as well as their debut EP Mama.[31]
2014: Overdose, Kris' and Luhan's lawsuits, and first solo concert
Exo at the 16th Mnet Asian Music Awards in December 2014
On May 15, 2014, S.M. Entertainment confirmed that Exo-M's leader, Kris, had filed a lawsuit against the agency to terminate his contract, stating violation of human rights as the main reason.[38] On October 10, Exo-M's Luhan also filed a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment to nullify his contract, because of health issues and being treated differently than the Korean members, therefore having no promotions.[39][40]
S.M. Entertainment announced that Exo would continue to promote with 10 members. The group held their first solo concert "Exo from Exoplanet ＃1 - The Lost Planet" starting May 24 at the Seoul Olympic Gymnasium.[41] Tickets for the concert sold out in 1.47 seconds, breaking the record for the fastest sold out concert by a Korean artist.[41]
2015: Exodus, Tao's lawsuit, Japanese debut and Sing For You
Exo's second studio album, Exodus, was released on March 30, 2015 in both Korean and Mandarin versions.[44] Domestic pre-sales for the album surpassed 500,000 within 24 hours, setting a new record for pre-sales.[45] The title track "Call Me Baby" was released early on March 27, due to leaked versions of the song.[46] The music videos were released 4 days later, with the Korean version later becoming the most wached K-pop music video in the first half of 2015.[47] Exo also starred in their own mini drama series titled Exo Next Door, which became the most watched Korean web drama in 2015 until later being surpassed by member Xiumin's web drama, Falling for Challenge.[48] "Call Me Baby" proved to be successful, winning eighteen times on music shows, making it the second most awarded song of all times. The album's Korean version also broke records after staying at number one on the album chart for four consecutive weeks.[49] Exodus eventually went on to sell over a million copies, and is the group's second album after XOXO to do so. It was named Album of the Year at the 2015 Mnet Asian Music Awards, making this the third consecutive win in this category for the group since 2013. In May, Exo broke the record on Billboard as the highest ranking Korean artist, topping at 90th place.[50][51] Exo also entered the Canadian Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 98, making them the first K-pop group and second Korean artist to enter the Canadian chart.[52][53]
On April 22, member Tao's father posted a letter through Weibo expressing his sentiments for his son to withdraw from the group and return to China; due to lack of support concerning individual career developments and health issues.[54] Tao had previously sustained several injuries which had not been properly treated that worsened[54] and caused him to be absent during promotions for the group's second studio album Exodus.[55] On April 23, S.M. Entertainment released an official statement saying that they would be "seeking a solution in a developmental direction" by negotiating with Tao and his father.[56] Tao later confirmed that he had left S.M. Entertainment and after failed negotiations, Tao filed an official lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment on August 24 for the termination of his exclusive contract.[56][57][58]
On June 3, a repackaged version of Exodus, titled Love Me Right, was released. This edition contains the original tracks from Exodus and four new songs, including the title track "Love Me Right".[59] Due to Tao's absence, the group promoted the song as 9 members. On October 10, Exo became the first artist to hold a dome concert in South Korea with "Exo - Love Concert in Dome" at the Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul.[60] Tickets for the event went on sale on September 21, causing the server to crash for over 50 minutes from high demand.[61][62] In preparation for the concert, S.M. Entertainment also released Exo's first official light stick, which features a black wand topped with Exo's logo which displays a white light.[63] 20,000 fans attended the concert.
On November 4, Exo released their debut Japanese single "Love Me Right ~romantic universe~", which contains the Japanese version of "Love Me Right" and an original Japanese song titled "Drop That". On the day of its release, the single sold a total of 147,000 copies and reached the top of the Oricon chart, becoming the best selling debut single in Japan by a Korean artist of all time.[64] As part of the Exo'luxion tour, Exo performed for 145,000 fans at the Tokyo Dome from November 6–8, breaking the record for the shortest amount of time since debut to hold a concert at this venue.[65][66] On November 9, Exo released a special single titled "Lightsaber" to promote the movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens ahead of its release in South Korea, as part of the collaboration between S.M. Entertainment and Walt Disney.
On December 10, Exo released their second winter special album and fourth extended play Sing for You along with double title tracks "Sing for You" and "Unfair". The album broke the record for the highest first week sales for a Korean artist by selling 267,900 copies in its first week. "Unfair" also became the first K-pop song to be featured in the "best of the week" playlist by Apple Music, while Exo became the first Korean artist to appear on the Apple Music homepage.[67] Part of the profits from the album was reportedly donated to UNICEF's "Smile For U" campaign to support the musical education of children in Asia.[68] Near the end of 2015, prominent South Korean entertainment industry leaders ranked Exo at number 7, the highest of any K-pop artist, in the top ten pop culture leaders of 2015.[69]
2016: Ex'Act, Kris' and Luhan's departures, For Life
Exo at the 16th Top Chinese Music Awards in April 2016
Exo's third studio album, Ex'Act, along with its singles "Lucky One" and "Monster", were released on June 9, 2016 in both Korean and Mandarin versions.[72] Domestic pre-orders for the album surpassed 660,000, making it the most pre-ordered K-pop album ever at the time.[73] The album later broke the record for the highest first week sales of a Korean album, breaking their previous record set by Sing For You, by selling 522,372 copies in one week.[74] The album also went on to top the United World Albums Chart.[75] "Monster" became Exo's first number one on the Billboard World Digital Songs chart, while "Lucky One" debuted at number 3.[76] As part of their Ex'Act promotions, Exo and Korean fashion magazine W Korea collaborated on "Exoclusive", a project to publish a 54-page, nine-cover edition of the magazine. "Exoclusive" ended up recording the highest number of sales as a fashion magazine in Korea after selling nearly a million copies.[77] On July 15, S.M. Entertainment and Putto Entertainment released Exo's official mobile game Exorun.[78]
On July 21, Kris and Luhan officially parted ways with Exo as their contractual disputes with S.M. Entertainment drew to a close.[79] On July 22, Exo embarked on their third solo concert tour, Exo Planet ＃3 - The Exo'rdium. In preparation for the tour, S.M. Entertainment announced the release of Exo's second official light stick. The new light stick featured a white wand with Exo's official logo on top that displays a multi-color changing light.[80] After holding concerts from July 22 until July 24 and July 29 until July 31 with over 84,000 attendees,[81] Exo established a record as the first artist to hold as many as six consecutive concerts at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena.[82] On August 18, a repackaged edition for Ex'Act, titled Lotto, was released. It contained the original tracks from Ex'Act along with four new songs including the single of the same name.[83] "Lotto" became Exo's second number one on the Billboard World Digital Songs Chart and peaked at number 2 on Gaon's Digital Chart.[84] Lotto's Korean and Chinese versions reached number 1 and 2 respectively on Gaon's Album Chart.[85][86] Within two months of its original release, Ex'Act sold over 1.17 million copies, honoring Exo with the title of "Triple Million Sellers".[87]
In September, Exo appeared on Infinite Challenge and collaborated with Yoo Jae-suk on a dance song titled "Dancing King", which was released as part of S.M. Entertainment's music project Station.[88] The song reached number 2 on South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart and number 3 on the Billboard World Digital Songs chart.[89][90] On December 7, Exo's second Japanese single "Coming Over", containing three original tracks, was released.[91][92] It reached number 2 on the weekly Oricon Chart, selling over 158,000 copies and became their second Japanese single album to receive a Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.[93] Their third winter album and fifth extended play For Life was released on December 19.[94] They did not engage in promotions for the album or its single "For Life", and as of 2017 it had sold over 442,000 copies.[95] It was revealed at the end of 2016 that during the year, the group had sold 2.13 million albums including solos and sub-units.[96]
2017: The War
On May 27 and 28, 2017, Exo concluded the Exo'rdium tour with two concerts at the Seoul Olympic Stadium.[97] They were the fifth and youngest K-Pop act to hold a concert in the 72,000 seat stadium, following JYJ, H.O.T., g.o.d and YG Entertainment.[98] Tickets for the first date went on-sale on April 12 and were sold out within 20 minutes.[99]Exo's fourth studio album The War was released on July 18, 2017.[100] The album had received 807,235 pre-orders, surpassing their own record of 660,000 for Ex'Act.[101] "Ko Ko Bop" debuted at #1 on the Melon Digital Chart, making EXO the first K-pop group to enter at the top after chart changes were implemented on February 27, 2017.[102] In additon, The War and "Ko Ko Bop" topped 155 iTunes charts worldwide, including the album chart in 41 countries and the worldwide album chart.[103] The album became the fastest-selling K-pop album at the time, with 602,094 copies sold in it's first week of release.[104] It debuted at #87 on the Billboard 200 chart and #1 on the Billboard World Albums Chart, while the lead single "Ko Ko Bop" debuted at #2 and "The Eve" debuted at #8 on the Billboard World Digital Songs Chart.[105] "Ko Ko Bop" topped Gaon Digital Chart for four non-consecutive weeks, making EXO the first artist to do so in 2017. EXO also became only the 3rd idol group to chart at #1 on Gaon for 4 weeks as well as the only male idol group.[106] The song also ranked #1 on Gaon Monthly Chart for August, making EXO the first group in 2017 and the 5th boy group since 2012 to top the chart.[107]
On September 5, a repackaged edition for The War, titled The War: The Power of Music, was released. It contains the original tracks from The War along with three new songs, including the single "Power".[108] On September 14, "Power" recorded the highest score of all time on M Countdown with 11,000 points, making EXO the first artist to achieve a perfect score after the system changes were implemented in June 2015. The win also marks their 100th win on music shows.[109]
On October 19, EXO announced their third world tour, Exo Planet #4 – The EℓyXiOn, starting with three concerts in Seoul's Gocheok Sky Dome on November 24–26, 2017.
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